After The Fire

Dear Bloomington Resident,

The Bloomington Fire Department (BFD) extends our deepest condolences for your loss. We understand that you are facing an incredibly difficult and emotional time, and we want you to know that our thoughts are with you.

Because many of us may never experience a loss of this nature, we recognize how overwhelming it can be to know where to begin. To help support you through this process, we have prepared this information as a resource to guide you step-by-step during your recovery.

Please take time to review the entire booklet. Inside, you will find helpful information, including important phone numbers, company contacts, and practical suggestions to assist you in moving forward.

While the Bloomington Fire Department does not endorse any specific service providers, we encourage you to make decisions in partnership with your insurance representative and any other trusted advisors.

Recovering from a fire can be both physically and emotionally exhausting, and progress may sometimes feel slow. Please remember—you are not alone. If you have any questions or if we can offer assistance in any way, do not hesitate to contact us at 952-563-4801.

We wish you strength, comfort, and a steady path toward recovery.

Sincerely,

Ulysses S. Seal

Fire Chief

Bloomington Fire Department

• Ensure everyone is safe
• Let family and friends know you’re safe
• Seek medical care if anyone develops symptoms after the fire
• DO NOT re-enter the home until fire officials allow it
• BFD may escort you briefly to collect essential items

• Contact your insurance company to start your claim
• If your vehicle was involved int he fire or sustained any smoke damage, work with your insurance provider to find temporary transportation
• Work with your insurance copany about how to learn the value of your home and possessions
• Save all receipts for essential purchases
• If uninsured, seek help from:
  • American Red Cross (1-800-733-2767)
  • Salvation Army
  • FEMA
  • Local community organizations

• Notify your landlord immediately

• Secure temporary housing if your residence is not livable
• For Pets: Bloomington Animal Shelter (952-563-4942) provides short-term boarding
• The American Red Cross (1-800-733-2767) can assist with:
  • Housing
  • Food
  • Medicine
  • Eyeglasses
  • Clothing
  • Other essential items

• DO NOT use medications exposed to heat or smoke — emergency refills are available
• DO NOT attempt to save or consume any food or beverages exposed to smoke, heat, or firefighting runoff
• Utilities may be disconnected by firefighters — DO NOT turn them back on until verified by licensed contractors

The first 24 to 48 hours following a fire are critical for protecting your home from additional harm. Your top priority should be contacting professional board-up services, who can quickly and safely secure all exposed areas, including:

• Windows and doors
• Structural breaches and holes
• Damaged access points

While DIY fixes might seem cost-effective, certified professionals use techniques that comply with insurance requirements and prevent further structural issues. This investment not only ensures safety but also preserves your property’s integrity.

A professionally installed temporary roof tarp acts as a vital barrier against weather damage. Every exposed section—including ventilation openings created during firefighting—must be properly covered. Even a small leak can lead to thousands of dollars in interior damage if left unchecked.

In short:

• If the home is deemed uninhabitable, contact a board-up company
• Your insurance company may have a preferred board-up vendor
• BFD can assist in contacting a board-up contractor

Your home may still contain:

• Toxins
• Dirty / contaminated water
• Dangerous soot
• Structural instability

Even if it “doesn’t seem that bad,” staying elsewhere until cleaning and repairs occur is strongly recommended.

• Several changes of clothing
• Comfortable shoes
• Basic toiletries
• Medications (emergency refills available)
• Salvaged essential documents (ID, licenses, insurance cards, etc.)
• Any irreplaceable photos/memorabilia if safe to retrieve

Notify these people/agencies as soon as possible:

• Insurance Agent/Company
• Family and Friends
• Your Employer
• Children's School
• Delivery Services
• Police Department
• Utility Companies
• Post Office

To secure your home and reduce liability risks, consider implementing:

• Industrial-grade locks on all entry points
• Steel panels over severely damaged areas
• Temporary security lighting
• Motion sensors for added protection

These precautions deter theft, reduce hazards, and provide peace of mind during the restoration process.

• Confirm everyone is medically stable; monitor for delayed symptoms
• DO NOT enter until permitted by fire officials
• Begin salvaging irreplaceable, safe-to-handle items (photos, documents, memorabilia)
• Start a running list of all items removed from the home

• If you haven't already, contact a profesional board-up / securing service to protect:
  • Windows and doors
  • Structural breaches
  • Holes created during firefighting
  • Damaged or compromised entry points
• Install temporary locks, lighting, and motion sensors
• Have a professional tarp placed on damaged roof areas

Water removal should begin immediately to protect your home’s structure and belongings. Professional restoration teams use advanced tools such as:

• Industrial-strength water extractors
• High-capacity dehumidifiers
• Moisture detection equipment
• Professional drying systems

Smoke damage must also be addressed promptly. Smoke residue is acidic and continues to damage surfaces even after the flames are out. To minimize further harm:

• Open windows if weather and safety conditions allow
• Cover HVAC vents with cheesecloth to capture soot
• Remove brass and copper items to prevent corrosion
• Document all visible smoke damage with photos

In Summary: 

• Begin water extraction:
  • Industrial water extractors
  • Moisture detection tools
  • Dehumidifiers
  • Professional drying systems
• Open windows only if safe and weather allows
• Cover HVAC vents with cheesecloth
• Remove brass/copper items to prevent corrosion

Comprehensive documentation protects your interests and strengthens your insurance claim. KEEP A DAILY LOG that includes:

• Photos before protective measures begin
• Images of each stage of the securing process
• Final photos after all measures are completed
• Receipts for all services and materials
• A daily log of actions taken and observations made
• Who you spoke with
• Actions taken
• Weather conditions
• Observations of new/worsening damage

Thorough documentation ensures fair compensation for both damage and preventive actions. Every step you take now helps avoid future complications and supports a smoother restoration journey

• Save all receipts (housing, clothes, toiletries, supplies)
• Photograph everything before any work begins.

• Contact your insurance agent for:
  • Claim initiation
  • Temporary housing assistance
  • Board-up recommendations
  • Salvage/restoration contacts

• Recheck all board-ups, locks, and tarps after weather or overnight settling
• Ensure no new structural weakening has occurred

• Continue drying operations and moisture monitoring
• Document smoke damage in:
  • Cabinets
  • Attics
  • Behind trim
  • Closets
  • Inside HVAC pathways

• Start building a room-by-room inventory
• Use photos taken immediately after the fire as reference
• Note any structural or foundational concerns

Effective Preparation and Communication

Your interaction with the adjuster should reflect both organization and confidence. To ensure a productive meeting, consider the following steps:

• Develop a detailed list of questions and concerns
• Identify and document smoke damage in less visible areas
• Note any structural or foundational concerns
• Capture multiple angles of each damaged area
• Retain copies of all documents, forms, and evidence you share

Protecting Your Interests

In more complex claims, effective negotiation can significantly impact the outcome. Safeguard your position by:

• Keeping meticulous records of every conversation and meeting
• Obtaining independent repair estimates from licensed contractors
• Documenting any secondary or progressive damage as it occurs
• Confirming verbal discussions in writing for accountability
• Requesting second opinions when discrepancies arise

Within 48–72 hours, mold prevention becomes your next critical focus. 

Restoration professionals will:

• Strategically position industrial air movers
• Use dehumidifiers to maintain optimal conditions
• Apply antimicrobial treatments where needed
• Monitor humidity levels, keeping them below 50%
• Inspect hidden spaces for lingering moisture

• Photograph:
  • Securing work
  • Drying equipment placement
  • Remaining damage
• Update daily logs with moisture readings and contractor notes.

Preparing for your insurance adjuster’s visit is a vital step toward achieving a fair and successful claim outcome. Begin by creating a comprehensive, room-by-room inventory of all damages, referencing your initial post-fire photographs. Plan for a detailed, potentially lengthy meeting—thorough documentation at this stage can prevent misunderstandings and disputes later in the process.

• Provide:
  • Inventory
  • Estimates
  • Documentation copies
• Write down what was discussed, including discrepancies or concerns.

• Keep meticulous records of:
  • Every conversation
  • All photos and receipts
  • Any discovery of new or progressive damage
• Confirm all verbal discussions in writing
• Obtain independent contractor estimates whenever beneficial
• Request second opinions for discrepancies

Navigating the insurance process can be demanding. Staying organized, maintaining clear communication, and documenting every step are your strongest tools for ensuring fair compensation.

If the process becomes challenging or overwhelming, consider consulting a public adjuster or a legal professional experienced in fire damage claims. Their expertise can help you interpret policy details, advocate for your rights, and secure the recovery assistance you deserve.

Consider professional assistance when:

• The claim becomes complex
• You dispute the findings from the insurance company
• You feel overwhelmed

Your recovery journey is important—don’t hesitate to seek the professional guidance and support necessary to protect your home and your peace of mind.

As shock wears off, stress and grief settle in:

• Reach out to a therapist or counselor to process the loss.
• Lean on community, department, religious, or peer support networks.

• Continue logging every step, including:
  • Weather events that cause further damage
  • Any corrections or additional contractor work
  • Mold or structural findings
• Maintain a complete photo timeline from start until restoration.

• Go room by room—use your pre-loss photos or memories to recall what was in each area
• Include every item, even if it appears minor; small details can make a big difference in your claim
• Record the brand, model, purchase date (approximate), cost, and current condition if possible
• Take clear photos of all items that are damaged or destroyed
• Keep digital and printed copies of this checklist and all supporting documentation

LINK: Home Inventory Checklist (Fillable PDF, Open in Adobe Recommended)

Keep a separate file or digital folder for:

• Receipts and proof of purchase for valuable items
• Warranty cards and serial numbers
• Insurance policy documents
• Communication logs with your insurer or adjuster
• Photos and videos documenting all damage

• Prioritize safety – only enter your home when cleared by authorities/insurance company.
• Work methodically, one room at a time.
• Label photos with corresponding checklist items.
• Update frequently as you uncover additional losses.
• Keep copies of everything for your insurance claim file.

You may want to replace many of the following documents if they were destroyed or lost in the fire:

To request a copy of the fire investigation report please submit a general data request through the City of Bloomington’s data practices request portal at the link below.

• https://bloomingtonmn.justfoia.com/publicportal/home/track

To request a copy of the fire investigation report please submit a general data request through the City of Bloomington’s data practices request portal at: 

• https://bloomingtonmn.justfoia.com/publicportal/home/track

No, the Bloomington Fire Department doesn’t recommend or endorse any specific contractors. They’ve made it clear that choosing a contractor is a personal decision that should be based on your own research and comfort level.

It really depends on the extent of the damage. Every fire is different, and the timeline to return home can vary widely. In some cases, it may take a few months—or even longer—before repairs are complete and it’s safe to move back in.

No, you don’t. As a homeowner, you have the legal right to choose your own contractor. You’re not required to use the one your insurance company suggests. It’s important that you feel confident and comfortable with the company doing the work on your home.
That said, keep in mind that your insurance company may not pay for costs that are significantly higher than typical market rates. Always get your insurance company’s approval before beginning work or making changes that could increase expenses.

If the restoration work is done properly, the smoke odor should not return. Professional restoration contractors use specialized cleaning agents that break down the actual odor-causing particles, permanently eliminating them. One common method involves using ozone gas, which neutralizes odors in fabrics, furniture, and other belongings.

Yes. While high concentrations of ozone shouldn’t be breathed in for long periods, professional contractors use it in controlled environments. Once the process is complete, the gas quickly dissipates, leaving no lingering health risks.

Ask for proof of professional certifications, a valid state license, and references from previous customers. Verify that all credentials are current. It also helps to ask how long they’ve been in business, whether they regularly work with insurance companies, and if they’re licensed and bonded for construction in your state.

Insurance companies require very detailed documentation of all repairs and replacements. Contractors familiar with this process know how to provide accurate paperwork that meets insurance standards. They also tend to have specialized experience with cleaning, restoration, and repairs that meet both professional and insurance requirements.

A good restoration company will work with your insurance provider to bring your home and belongings as close as possible to their pre-loss condition. You may be surprised at how much can actually be restored instead of replaced.
That said, you’ll want to decide what’s worth restoring, especially for items with sentimental value. Also, remember to check your policy’s personal property coverage limits—if your total losses exceed that amount, you may have to cover some costs yourself.

We know how important it is to save precious belongings after a fire. Items that are often salvageable include:

• Hard surfaces (metal, glass, ceramics)
• Objects in closed rooms away from the fire
• Items stored in sealed containers
• Non-porous materials with minimal smoke exposure

For your safety, please avoid trying to salvage medicines, electrical appliances, food, cosmetics,  or heavily smoke-damaged items. Your safety comes first, so always consult restoration professionals before handling fire-damaged possessions.

Your safety is paramount, which is why you should never attempt to restore utilities yourself. Here's the typical timeline for professional utility restoration:

• Water system inspection: 24-48 hours
• Electrical system certification: 2-5 days
• Gas system verification: 3-7 days

*Each utility requires thorough professional assessment and official approval before reactivation. We recommend keeping a checklist and working directly with certified inspectors for each system.

If you’re in shock or are experiencing very strong emotional reactions, understand that this is normal. Your life has been temporarily thrown into disarray and it’s hard to think clearly. 

There are support services to get you through this crisis:

• American Red Cross – 1-800-733-2767
• United Way – 651-291-0211
• Hennepin county, front door (Adult mental health) – 612-348-4111 

Prepare a list of damaged items and provide receipts if possible. Consider photographing or taking a video of the damage for further documentation to support your claim. 

• Keep damaged items until the claims adjuster has visited your home. DO NOT throw away anything you plan to claim without discussing it with your adjuster first.
• Keep receipts for all additional expenses that you may incur such as lodging, transportation, and other supplies.
• Keep copies of ALL documents and pictures given to your claims adjuster or insurance company.
• Hennepin County Human Services (Financial, Food, Health Care) 612-596-1300

Check with an accountant or the Internal Revenue Service (IRS) about special benefits for people recovering from fire loss. Also seek professional advice and make sure to keep all your receipts.

• IRS – 1-800-829-1040

Even if you have moved out of your home during repairs and you are paying to live elsewhere; you are still responsible for paying your mortgage. 

Many banks and mortgage companies will insist that you stay current on your mortgage while some may offer you a deferment. Do not count on a deferment and be prepared to continue making your regular payments. 

• City Assessor – 952-563-8722

Your insurance agent can be of great assistance after you experience property loss or damage and will provide detailed instructions on protecting the property, conducting an inventory, and contacting fire restoration companies. 

Some policyholders may be required to make an inventory of damaged personal property showing in detail the quantity, description, purchase date and purchase price for the items.

In the City of Bloomington, it’s routine procedure for the Fire Marshal or Fire Inspector to visit the damaged site after the initial investigation to meet with the private fire investigator sent by the insurance company. They’re interested in finding the cause of the fire for their official legal records and also for educational purposes. They’re in the business of fire prevention, so anything they learn is helpful information for the community.

In accordance with Minnesota statute 299F.04, Bloomington Fire Department is authorized and responsible for investigating and determining the origin, cause, and circumstances of all fires that occur within Bloomington. This investigation may begin even before the fire has been completely extinguished.

Investigating a fire can be a difficult task that may require digging through fire debris, conducting numerous interviews, and thorough documentation of the scene. Fire investigators may contact you several times during the course of their investigation. When the investigation of the scene is complete, the investigator will attempt to notify the property owners and occupants to release the scene. If you have questions or wish to speak to a fire investigator please call 952-563-4801.

Request A Fire Investigation Report

To request a copy of the fire investigation report please submit a general data request through the City of Bloomington’s data practices request portal at https://bloomingtonmn.justfoia.com/publicportal/home/track

The insurance company is the firm who offers you insurance protection and is the party responsible for paying for your damages (insurance claim). 

This is the person that sold you your insurance. They represent the insurance company in most customer transactions. Keep in mind that they might not be your main contact in a claim situation. In that case the insurance claim adjuster may be involved. 

The insurance agent can interpret your coverage on your policy. If something is in question, usually the insurance adjuster is consulted.

An insurance claims adjuster plays a critical role when someone's house is damaged or destroyed by fire. 

The adjuster’s job is to determine how much your insurance company owes you under the terms of your policy and to settle the claim fairly and quickly. While they’re supposed to be neutral, remember they are paid by (or contracted by) the insurance company — so their goal is to pay what’s owed, not necessarily the maximum possible.

Tip for victims: Document everything yourself (photos, videos, receipts), keep detailed records, and don’t feel rushed to accept the first offer if it seems too low.

Here's exactly what an insurance claims adjuster does for the victim (the policyholder):

1. Initial Contact & Claim Assignment
   • The adjuster is assigned to your claim shortly after you report the fire to your insurance company.
   • They contact you (usually within 24–48 hours) to introduce themselves, explain the process, and schedule an inspection.
2. Investigates the Cause and Extent of Damage
   • Visits your property (often with you present) to inspect the damage in person.
   • Takes hundreds of photos and videos.
   • Examines structural damage, smoke/soot damage, water damage from firefighting efforts, and contents (personal belongings).
   • May work with fire investigators or cause-and-origin experts if arson or suspicious circumstances are involved.
3. Reviews Your Insurance Policy
   • Determines exactly what is covered under your specific policy (dwelling coverage, other structures, personal property, additional living expenses/loss of use, etc.).
   • Confirms policy limits, deductibles, and any special endorsements (e.g., replacement cost vs. actual cash value).
4. Estimates the Cost to Repair or Rebuild
   • Writes a detailed repair estimate using software like Xactimate (the industry standard).
   • Calculates the cost to rebuild the home to its pre-fire condition (or better, if code upgrades are required).
   • Determines whether the home is a total loss or repairable.
5. Evaluates Personal Property (Contents) Losses
   • Helps you create (or reviews) a detailed inventory of destroyed/damaged items.
   • Assigns values based on replacement cost or actual cash value (depending on your policy).
   • May request receipts, photos, or appraisals for high-value items (jewelry, art, collectibles).
6. Handles Additional Living Expenses (ALE / Loss of Use)
   • Approves temporary housing (hotel, rental home, etc.) while your home is uninhabitable.
   • Covers reasonable increases in living costs (food, laundry, pet boarding, storage units, etc.).
   • Monitors ALE payments and time limits.
7. Negotiates the Settlement
   • Presents you with a settlement offer based on their findings.
   • You can accept, negotiate, or dispute the amount.
   • If you disagree strongly, you can hire a public adjuster (someone who works for you, not the insurance company).

An independent claims adjuster (IA) is a claims professional hired by the insurance company (not by you, the policyholder) to investigate and evaluate your house fire claim. While they are supposed to be impartial, they are paid by and ultimately work for the insurer, not the victim. Here's what they typically do in a house fire scenario:

Key Responsibilities of an Independent Adjuster for a House Fire Victim:

1. Initial Contact & Inspection
   • Contacts you shortly after the claim is reported (often within 24–72 hours).
   • Schedules a time to visit the property (if it's safe) to inspect the damage.
   • Takes hundreds of photos and videos of the fire damage (structural, contents, smoke/soot damage).
2. Scope of Damage
   • Documents what is damaged or destroyed (structure, personal property, additional structures like garages).
   • Determines the cause and origin if it's not already clear (may work with fire investigators).
   • Assesses whether damage is covered under your policy (e.g., fire is usually covered, but arson or intentional acts are not).
3. Estimates the Claim Value
   • Writes an estimate for repairing or rebuilding the home (using software like Xactimate).
   • Creates an inventory of damaged personal property (contents) and assigns Actual Cash Value (ACV) or Replacement Cost Value (RCV), depending on your policy.
   • Calculates Additional Living Expenses (ALE) / Loss of Use if you're displaced (hotel, food, rental home).
4. Applies Policy Terms
   • Deducts your deductible.
   • Applies depreciation (if you have ACV coverage instead of RCV).
   • Checks for policy limits (e.g., dwelling coverage, personal property limits, code upgrade coverage).
5. Issues Payments
   • The adjuster does NOT cut checks directly, but their report determines how much the insurance company pays.
   • First payment is usually the Actual Cash Value (ACV) for structure and contents.
   • Recoverable depreciation (to get to full Replacement Cost) is paid later, after repairs are completed and receipts submitted.

Important Things Victims Should Know

• The independent adjuster works for the insurance company, not for you. Their goal is to settle the claim accurately — but also cost-effectively for the insurer.
• They are generally fair, but they may undervalue or miss items if you're not involved.
• You do not have to accept their estimate. You can challenge it, submit your own contractor estimates, or hire a public adjuster (who works for YOU, not the insurance company).
• You should document everything yourself: take your own photos, make your own detailed inventory of lost items with ages/values, keep all receipts for ALE expenses.

Bottom line: The independent adjuster handles the claim for the insurance company and determines what they believe you are owed. Be proactive, document everything, and consider hiring your own public adjuster or attorney if the claim is large or complex — especially with total fire losses.

A private claims adjuster (also called a public adjuster) is an independent insurance claims professional hired directly by the policyholder (the victim of the house fire), not by the insurance company. They work exclusively for you to maximize your insurance settlement. Here's exactly what they do in a house fire scenario:

Key Responsibilities of a Private/Public Adjuster After a House Fire

1. Reviews Your Insurance Policy Thoroughly
   • Analyzes coverage limits, exclusions, endorsements, and fine print to determine exactly what you're entitled to (dwelling coverage, personal property, additional living expenses/ALE, code upgrades, debris removal, etc.).
2. Documents the Entire Loss in Detail
   • Conducts a full on-site inspection (often multiple times).
   • Takes thousands of photos and videos.
   • Measures and diagrams damaged areas.
   • Creates detailed room-by-room inventories of destroyed/damaged personal property (with brand, age, replacement cost).
3. Prepares and Submits a Comprehensive Claim
   • Builds a professional, fully documented claim package (the insurance company’s staff or independent adjuster typically under-scopes the loss).
   • Estimates repair/replacement costs using licensed contractors and current pricing databases (Xactimate is the industry standard).
4. Negotiates Aggressively with Your Insurance Company
   • Deals with the insurance company’s adjuster on your behalf.
   • Challenges lowball offers and under-valued settlements.
   • Fights for full replacement cost value (RCV) instead of actual cash value (ACV) when applicable.
   • Ensures you receive full ALE (hotel, meals, rental home) payments for the entire time you’re displaced.
5. Handles All Communication and Deadlines
   • Responds to insurer requests, exams under oath, and proof-of-loss deadlines so you don’t accidentally hurt your claim.
6. Brings in Experts When Needed
   • Hires engineers, fire origin-and-cause investigators, contents cleaning specialists, or contractors if the insurer is denying or partially denying the claim (e.g., arson accusations or disputes over smoke vs. fire damage).
7. How Much They Cost & When They Get Paid
   • Fee is typically 5–15% of the final settlement (average around 10%).
   • No recovery, no fee — you pay nothing if they don’t increase your payout.
   • The fee is usually deducted from the final insurance check.
     • The Real-World Difference They Make:
       It’s very common for public adjusters to increase fire claims by 50–300%+ over what the insurance company initially offers. Example: Insurance company offers $180,000 → Public adjuster settles for $420,000 (even after their 10% fee, homeowner nets far more).
8. When You Should Hire One
   • Large or total-loss fires (especially over $100k–$150k in damage)
   • The insurance company is delaying, denying, or lowballing
   • You feel overwhelmed or don’t trust the insurer’s adjuster
   • Complex claims (smoke damage throughout, high-value contents, business income loss, etc.)

In short: A private/public adjuster levels the playing field against billion-dollar insurance companies and typically gets fire victims significantly more money, faster, with much less stress. Most homeowners who hire one after a major house fire say it was the best decision they made during the entire recovery process.

Fire and water restoration contractors provide specialized emergency response, damage mitigation, and comprehensive reconstruction services following incidents such as floods, water leaks, fires, storms, or other disasters. These licensed professionals manage all phases of recovery—from initial damage assessment and water extraction to structural drying, mold remediation, smoke and odor removal, and complete rebuilding—ensuring properties are restored to their pre-loss condition efficiently and safely.

Contractors frequently coordinate directly with insurance carriers to facilitate the claims process, minimizing delays and out-of-pocket expenses for property owners. To prevent secondary damage (such as mold proliferation, which can begin within 24–48 hours of water exposure), most reputable firms offer true 24/7 emergency response.

Core Services Provided:

• Water Damage Restoration Rapid water extraction, structural drying using high-capacity air movers and dehumidifiers, antimicrobial treatments, and professional cleaning/restoration of contents (furniture, carpeting, documents, etc.).
• Fire and Smoke Damage Restoration Soot and residue removal, smoke odor neutralization, air quality improvement, structural repairs, and safe disposal of fire-damaged debris.
• Specialized Services Certified mold inspection and remediation, storm and wind damage repair, biohazard and trauma scene cleanup, sewage extraction, and complete reconstruction performed by licensed general contractors.

Standard Restoration Process:

1. Emergency Response – Immediate on-site arrival to secure the property and begin mitigation.
2. Mitigation – Actions taken to prevent further damage (board-up, tarping, temporary utilities, water extraction, etc.).
3. Remediation – Removal of unsalvageable materials, thorough cleaning, and treatment of affected areas.
4. Restoration/Reconstruction – Rebuilding, finishing, and final detailing to return the property to its pre-loss condition.

How to Choose & Hire a Contractor:

1. Verify Credentials: Look for IICRC certification, BBB accreditation, and state licensing (e.g., general contractor license for rebuilds).
2. Get Quotes: Contact 2–3 pros for free estimates; ask about insurance billing.
3. Read Reviews: Use sites like Angi (Link Here) for verified feedback—focus on response time and completeness.

Following the emergency mitigation stage comes necessary repairs and restoration. The first order of business should be to secure a comprehensive, detailed estimate of what needs to be done. 

Your approval and the insurance company adjuster’s approval are required. All parties must agree on what needs to be done. Explanations or reasoning behind required work are provided.

Another one of the first things your contractor will request is your authorization to remove all your belongings from your home for cleaning and deodorizing. 

Contractors remove your property because it’s easier for them to clean and deodorize your items in their facility with their equipment. Removal of your property also provides access to your homes structure for necessary repairs. 

The contractor will inventory all items removed from the home so you know what’s in their possession.

Contrary to what you may have heard, it’s possible to clean and remove smoke odor and soot from clothing, upholstery, and other textiles. 

Heavily soiled or charred items may be beyond hope; however, your restoration contractor and adjuster are in the best position to make this judgement. 

Wood and finished furniture, countertops, and other surfaces require special care in the restoration process to return it to pre-loss condition. 

You should not expect that the items would be brought back to brand new condition. If there was a nick or scratch on a table, it’ll be there when it’s returned. You may not be able to save your favorite leather chair or couch.

The contractor and insurance adjuster can offer a qualified opinion as to whether these items are salvageable. 

Your insurance agent or adjuster can give you some suggestions surrounding what other companies are able to perform this specialized work.

Technology exists that will enable keepsakes to be restored. Extraordinary efforts are only appropriate if the items have proven market or sentimental value. You and your insurer will make that determination together.

However, be aware that large amounts of money cannot be spent to save an item that can be replaced at a lesser cost. Nevertheless, DO NOT throw anything away. 

The restoration contractor and insurance adjuster can give you a professional opinion as to whether an item has a good chance of being saved.

Walls and Ceilings

• The first step is to identify the type and extent of smoke and soot damage. Different types of smoke (wet, dry, or protein-based) require different cleaning techniques.
• Dry Soot Removal: We use professional-grade dry chemical (soot) sponges to lift surface residue before introducing any moisture. This prevents smearing and additional staining.
• Wash and Neutralization: Once loose soot is removed, we clean all surfaces using industry-approved detergents or alkaline cleaners designed to neutralize acidic residues and remove embedded odors.
• Sealing and Repainting: In cases of heavy staining or persistent odor, a smoke-sealing primer is applied before repainting to permanently block discoloration and odor migration.

Doors, Trim, and Woodwork

• Detailed Cleaning: All wood surfaces are cleaned using wood-safe products that gently remove soot without damaging finishes.
• Odor Treatment: Specialized deodorizers and thermal fogging agents are used to penetrate porous wood fibers, ensuring odor is fully neutralized.
• Finish Restoration: Once cleaned, wood surfaces may be treated with conditioners or refinishing oils to restore their natural sheen and protect from future damage.
• Hardware Care: Door and cabinet hardware are cleaned and polished to remove corrosive residues. A protective coating may be applied to prevent future oxidation.

Appliances

• Safety Inspection: Appliances exposed to smoke, heat, or water are inspected to determine if they can be safely restored. Electrical components are never reconnected until tested by a qualified technician.
• Exterior Cleaning: We remove soot and residue from surfaces using non-corrosive cleaning solutions, taking care not to damage finishes or labels.
• Interior Odor Removal: For appliances like refrigerators, ovens, and microwaves, interior surfaces are cleaned and deodorized using specialized agents. Ozone or hydroxyl treatment may also be used to remove deep-seated odors.
• Replacement Guidance: When damage is too severe or restoration is not cost-effective, the restoration contractor will provide documentation and recommendations for replacement through your insurance carrier.

1. Call the Red Cross right now
   • They are there for you 24/7 Dial 1-800-RED-CROSS
   • They respond to single-family house fires all the time, insurance or not
   • They’re kind, they move fast, and they can often give you:
     • A hotel voucher (usually 2–7 nights to give you a safe place tonight)
     • Emergency food, clothes, diapers, medicine, glasses (whatever you need immediately)
     • A debit card (often $300–$1,200 depending on family size) so you can buy what you need today
2. If you rent: Tell your landlord as soon as you can
   • In many states your landlord is/are required to help with temporary housing or may let you out of the lease without penalty

It’s okay if you’re exhausted and crying through these calls. The people on the other end of the phone have helped hundreds of families just like yours - they will be gentle.

1. Register with FEMA (yes, even for a single house fire)
   • Go to disasterassistance.gov or call 1-800-621-3362. Tell them you have no insurance. Many fire victims get help with temporary housing, basic furniture, and other essentials.
2. Look into your state’s Victim Compensation Fund
   • A surprising number of states treat house fires (even accidental ones) as qualifying events. Just Google “[your state] victim compensation board house fire” and call—they often cover moving costs, clothing, and more.
3. Visit local churches, Salvation Army, food banks, and St. Vincent de Paul
   • in person: Bring the fire report when you have it (the fire department can give you one). These places keep emergency money and supplies especially for fire survivors. People want to help you - they just need to know you’re there.
   • Request A Fire Investigation Report
     • To request a copy of the fire investigation report please submit a general data request through the City of Bloomington’s data practices request portal at https://bloomingtonmn.justfoia.com/publicportal/home/track
4. Consider starting a GoFundMe or similar
   • Sharing the official fire report number makes people feel safe donating, and local news stations sometimes share these stories and bring in a flood of support.
5. Apply for emergency SNAP (food stamps)
   • Tell them you lost everything in a fire and have $0 right now—most states fast-track fire victims and can approve the same day or within a week.
6. If you have school-age kids
   • Call their school right away and ask for the McKinney-Vento liaison. By federal law they must help immediately with supplies, uniforms, transportation—anything your children need to keep going to school.

• Ask your Red Cross caseworker about extra hotel nights - they often have “client assistance cards” for this
• Call your local housing authority and explain you were displaced by fire with no insurance
  • Many keep emergency Section 8 or rapid-rehousing spots for situations exactly like yours
• Some churches have empty parsonages or mission houses they open to fire families for weeks or months at no cost
• Local Facebook groups (“Bloomington Emergency Housing” or similar) often have people offering a spare room for free to fire victims - your story will touch hearts

Birth certificates, IDs, Social Security cards: 

• Take your fire report to the vital records office - fees are almost always waived

Medications: 

• Any pharmacist can give an emergency 30-day refill when you explain you lost everything

Furniture and household items: 

• Once people hear, donations pour in - furniture banks, Craigslist “free” section, and community groups rally hard

Many communities form “long-term recovery groups” or “unmet needs committees” just for uninsured fire families. They pool money from churches and charities to help with rent deposits, appliances, and rebuilding costs. Ask the Red Cross or a local church how to connect with them.

You’re going to feel overwhelmed by all of this some days - and that’s normal. But every phone call you make, every door you knock on, opens new help. People care more than you can imagine right now.

You’re not alone! - Thousands of people go through this every year and rebuild. Start with Red Cross today, then FEMA, then local churches. So many of us have watched families just like yours come through this and end up okay on the other side. You’ve got this

Following these procedures diligently will help minimize further damage and restore your home as safely and effectively as possible. When damage is extensive, consulting certified fire-restoration professionals is strongly recommended.

• Begin by thoroughly vacuuming all affected surfaces using a vacuum equipped with a HEPA filter
• Replace or clean all heating, ventilation, and air-conditioning (HVAC) filters
• Isolate the work area by sealing doorways and vents with plastic sheeting and painter’s tape to prevent soot from spreading to unaffected areas
• Keep windows and exterior doors closed as much as possible during cleaning to limit cross-contamination
• Always wear an N95 or higher-rated respirator, safety goggles, heavy-duty rubber gloves, and protective clothing that can be discarded or laundered separately afterward

Minor lingering smoke odors from small fires can often be reduced by placing shallow dishes of pure vanilla extract, white vinegar, or activated charcoal around the affected rooms for several days. 

Commercial odor-neutralizing products designed for smoke damage may also be effective. For significant smoke contamination, thorough cleaning of walls, ceilings, and furnishings (as described below) is essential, followed by professional odor-sealing treatments if necessary.

To remove soot and smoke residue from painted surfaces, use one of the following cleaning solutions:

• 4–6 tablespoons trisodium phosphate (TSP) mixed in 1 gallon of warm water
• OR
• 2 tablespoons sodium hypochlorite plus 1 cup household chlorine bleach (or Lysol) mixed in 1 gallon of warm water

Work on a small section at a time, starting at the bottom and moving upward; clean ceilings last. Rinse thoroughly with clean water and allow surfaces to dry completely. 

Prior to repainting, apply a high-quality smoke-odor-sealing primer (e.g., shellac- or oil-based) to prevent bleed-through of stains and odors. Do not repaint until surfaces are fully dry. 

Washable wallpaper may be cleansed in the same manner as painted walls, but avoid over-wetting. Non-washable wallpaper may require replacement; consult a professional installer.

Remove dirt and mud, then wipe surfaces with a solution of flaxseed-oil soap (available at hardware stores) or a mild borax solution. Avoid harsh chemicals. 

White spots or haze can often be removed by rubbing with a cloth dampened in a 50/50 mixture of household vinegar or ammonia and water, followed by immediate drying and polishing with furniture wax or a mixture of turpentine and boiled linseed oil (use caution—these are flammable). Alternatively, use 4/0 steel wool moistened with liquid furniture polish, then buff.

Be sure to dry any wet furniture slowly in a well-ventilated area away from direct heat or sunlight to prevent warping or cracking.

Allow thorough drying with fans and dehumidifiers. Once dry, vacuum, shampoo, and ensure no moisture remains in the padding or backing, as trapped moisture quickly causes rot and mold. 

Professional cleaning or replacement is frequently required after significant smoke exposure.

Clean with repeated applications of flaxseed-oil soap (typically 4–5 washings), then strip and rewax. 

If water has seeped beneath linoleum or vinyl, the flooring may need to be lifted, dried thoroughly, and re-adhered. Consult a flooring specialist for proper removal and re-installation techniques.

Replace them! 

• Smoke, soot, and chemicals are deeply embedded and can cause health risks

DO NOT operate any wet or smoke-exposed electrical appliance until it has been inspected and declared safe by a qualified technician.

Wash thoroughly with hot soapy water, rinse, and polish metal items with a fine abrasive cleanser. 

Copper and brass may be polished with salt and vinegar or lemon.

Wash interior surfaces with a solution of 1 cup baking soda or vinegar per gallon of water and/or use a specialized soot cleaner like TSP solution. Leave an open box of baking soda or activated charcoal inside to absorb remaining odors. 

It’s recommended to have professional inspection to ensure it’s safe to use. 

Safety Note: When discarding old refrigerators or freezers, remove or securely fasten doors to prevent child entrapment.

Wash all unopened cans and jars with detergent and water; relabel if necessary. Discard any cans that are swollen, deeply dented, or rusted.

If a freezer loses power, keep the door closed; food can remain safely frozen for 24–48 hours. Transfer to another freezer if possible. Follow USDA guidelines for refreezing thawed food—when in doubt, throw it out.

Fire-generated steam removes lubrication. Disassemble (if possible) and clean with kerosene, then re-lubricate with appropriate machine oil. 

If disassembly is not feasible, inject light machine oil through keyholes or openings and work the mechanism to distribute it.

• Wipe with a damp cloth, then a dry one.
• Stuff shoes and handbags with newspaper to retain shape and dry slowly away from heat/sun.
• Clean dried leather with saddle soap. 

Leather furniture may not be salvageable. 

Freeze wet books immediately to prevent mold, then arrange for professional vacuum-freeze-drying. 

If freezing is delayed, stand books upright, fan pages, and interleave with absorbent paper, alternating drying and pressing until completely dry. 

*For the best outcome it’s recommended to use a professional restoration service.

Smoke odor and light soot can often be removed from washable items using:

• 4–6 tablespoons trisodium phosphate (TSP) mixed in 1 gallon of warm water
• OR
• 2 tablespoons sodium hypochlorite plus 1 cup household chlorine bleach (or Lysol) mixed in 1 gallon of warm water

Rinse thoroughly and dry. Test colored fabrics first. 

For mildew stains, use lemon juice and salt, peroxide-based oxygen bleach, or diluted chlorine bleach on white cotton/linen only.

Delicate items (wool, silk, rayon) should be aired, gently brushed, and taken to a professional cleaner experienced in fire-restoration cleaning as soon as possible.